AvocadoThe avocado tree belongs to the Lauraceae family and is native to Central America. We recognize three botanical races: the Mexican race, the Guatemalan race and the West Indian race.
Temperature adapted to the avocado tree:
Since the avocado is from the tropical zone, the plant fears the cold. This sensitivity will depend on the race, the variety, the vegetation stage and the age of the tree. Generally speaking, the avocado tree is very sensitive to high or low temperatures.
Avocado wind sensitivity:
The wood of the avocado is brittle, the winds are thus very dangerous for this species; They can cause mechanical damage; Breakage of the wood, fall of the flowers and the fruits or also rubbing of the skin of the fruits. They can also have an action on the evapotranspiration of the marine soils in the orchards located in littoral zones. Hence the obligation to protect trees with windbreaks.
The optimal soil quality for growing avocado :
The avocado tree is not very demanding as for the nature of the soil, it develops on various types of soil.
However, a good development of the roots and the tree and a better production of fruits, require a well drained soil, of a depth from 1 to 2m. The avocado tree can develop on soils of average fertility but which must above all be permeable and never subject to stagnation of water or rise of water table even temporary.
The avocado tree needs water during all its cycle. In certain tropical zones where the rainfall can rise to more than 1400mm and that it is well distributed in the time, one can allow to cultivate the avocado tree without water contribution. On the other hand, in areas where the annual rainfall is between 500mm and 800mm/year, it is necessary to make up the deficit by resorting to irrigation. Generally, the water needs of the avocado are between 10000 to 12000 m3/ha /year.
The root system of the avocado tree is very shallow and has few rootlets which requires an abundant moisture in the soil to develop but without excess to avoid the development of zoospores and/or the lack of oxygen. A regular and continuous distribution of water is necessary to ensure maximum water exploitation by the roots. Sprinkler or drip irrigation are effective techniques for irrigating avocados if applied properly.
In Morocco, localized irrigation is a common practice and is often coupled with a sprinkler system designed for cooling or frost protection since the avocado tree is very sensitive to high or low temperatures.
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